Sunday, December 29, 2013

Assignment 4 - Chap. "Higher Laws" - Can there be universal moral ideas, while, at the same time, our individual consciences are authoritative arbiter of right and wrong?



       If I was to answer the question what should be valued higher—the moral backbone of a society and their shared ethics, or the individual conscience of those being part of it—I could not give a proper answer, as both go hand in hand. Are we not incredibly easy to influence at a young age and make up our morals, as we are taught to? We might rethink of course, but can we ever really leave of ethics, that have been implanted into our brains by parents, teachers or television? At the same time, any universal moral ideas would have to made up of the understanding of ethics by the people, by us, society consist of. The question would really rather be: How does change happen, when we are constantly influenced by society, while at the same time, we are part of it and potentially could influence it to some extend? I would also like to take into consideration that any universal moral ideas would be highly influenced by those in power—namely companies or politicians, who would like to benefit in one way or another. Modern ideologies, such as the system of capitalism, have extensive influence on what we consider morally acceptable on a personal basis.

       As Thoreau talks in his chapter “Higher Laws” about the consumption of meat, I would like to use the concept of carnism as a springboard here: In Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism the author Melanie Joy describes an ideology to be “a shared set of beliefs, as well as the practices that reflect these beliefs” (Joy 30). A little illustration might clarify how personal attitudes are shaped by dominant ideologies and the moral ideas resulting from them. Imagine being a father or a mother. You have a girl at the age of seven—an age of many questions. From an early age on, you have of course taught your child to be kind to animal, not to pull the dogs tail or set bugs on fire. What you have been taught in you own childhood and what you teach your daughter is simply ''normal'' behaviour, it is what all the other parents teach their children, as you like your daughter to grow up and become a caring and generally ''good'' person. Little thought is put into this until your little girl asks you, where meat is coming from. As in most families you eat meat on a regular basis and are faced with the dilemma of explaining, that meat comes in fact from animals—animals that, by the evolved moral standards of your daughter should not be hurt. At this point the parent becomes an agent of the ideology and its questionable and quite purposeful morals.
    
        So in my opinion, yes, there can be universal moral ideas, which of course we experience presently. For example racism and sexism is considered wrong, eating animal products however is fine. A while ago sexism and racism were widely accepted, even so fought by groups not belonging to the majority. It took a while to take over, but eventually did, when even the ones that benefited from slavery came to see, that black and white are very poor categories of dividing people into groups or classes. The individual conscience is influenced by the current universal moral ideas, but as human beings we have an aptitude for logic and the universal ideas taught us in early years will influence our individual conscience more than we might realize. As I personally consider the logic behind the ethic of meat consumption, as outlined in the above example, quite poor, I will, if I might ever have a seven year old child, express different moral standards and therefore possibly change societies universal moral ideas of the future. 

E.J.



Works Cited

Joy, Melanie. 2010. Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cowns: An Introduction to Carnism. San Francisco: Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC. Print.

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